3.07.2015
Indonesia conducts a type of governance
that is a multy-party presidential republic that is democratic. As in
other democratic countries, the Indonesian political system is based on
the Trias Politica that recognizes the separation of the
legislative, executive and judicial powers. The legislative power is
vested in the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) that consists of two
houses namely the House of Representatives (DPR) - composed of
representatives of political parties, and the Regional Representatives
Council (DPD) - composed of representatives from each province in
Indonesia. Each province is represented by 4 delegates that are elected
by the people in the respective region.
The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) was previously the highest state institution. However, in the wake of the Fourth Amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the MPR no longer holds that position. The membership of the MPR was modified following the period of 1999-2004, to include not only the members of the parliament (DPR) but also the members of the DPD. The DPR members and the DPD members are elected every five years. Since 2004, the MPR has become a bicameral parliament with the DPD as its second chamber. Previously, members of the Assembly (MPR) are all members of the House (DPR) in addition to representatives of groups. The MPR is currently chaired by Taufik Kiemas, and is composed of 550 members of the DPR and 128 members of the DPD. The DPR is chaired by Marzuki Ali, whereas the DPD is currently chaired by Irman Gusman.
The executive branch is centralized on the president, vice president, and the cabinet of ministers. The cabinet in Indonesia is a presidential one, in which the ministers report to the president and do not represent the political parties in the parliament. However, the current President, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who is supported by the Democratic Party, also appoints a number of political party leaders to become members of his cabinet. The objective is to maintain government stability, mindful of the strong position that the legislative branch holds in Indonesia. Nonetheless, important and strategic ministerial posts are generally held by ministers without party portfolios (originating from figures who are deemed experts in their field).
The judicial powers - since the reform era and after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution - are administered by the Supreme Court, the Judicial Commission, and the Constitutional Court, including the administration of the judges. However, the presence of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights is retained.
The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) was previously the highest state institution. However, in the wake of the Fourth Amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the MPR no longer holds that position. The membership of the MPR was modified following the period of 1999-2004, to include not only the members of the parliament (DPR) but also the members of the DPD. The DPR members and the DPD members are elected every five years. Since 2004, the MPR has become a bicameral parliament with the DPD as its second chamber. Previously, members of the Assembly (MPR) are all members of the House (DPR) in addition to representatives of groups. The MPR is currently chaired by Taufik Kiemas, and is composed of 550 members of the DPR and 128 members of the DPD. The DPR is chaired by Marzuki Ali, whereas the DPD is currently chaired by Irman Gusman.
The executive branch is centralized on the president, vice president, and the cabinet of ministers. The cabinet in Indonesia is a presidential one, in which the ministers report to the president and do not represent the political parties in the parliament. However, the current President, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who is supported by the Democratic Party, also appoints a number of political party leaders to become members of his cabinet. The objective is to maintain government stability, mindful of the strong position that the legislative branch holds in Indonesia. Nonetheless, important and strategic ministerial posts are generally held by ministers without party portfolios (originating from figures who are deemed experts in their field).
The judicial powers - since the reform era and after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution - are administered by the Supreme Court, the Judicial Commission, and the Constitutional Court, including the administration of the judges. However, the presence of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights is retained.
